Each of the groups of words, Here is the book and that you were looking for is called a clause.

A Clause is a group of words which is part of a sentence, and has its own Subject and Predicate.

In a sentence it may be:

(a) The Subject, as: Thai you were late is clear to us all.

(b) In Apposition to a noun or a pronoun.

King Jog, who ruled over Albania, went into exile.

(c) The Object, as: I do not know when I shall be back.

(d) An Attribute, as: A pen that has a scratchy nib is of no use.

(e) An Adjunct, as: I will follow you when I have finished this bit of work.