Present Perfect Tense.
# The Present Perfect Tense is used to express something just done.
I have finished the work you asked me to do.
I have typed lesson No. 74.
You have read a few lessons.
# But, it is also used in a more general sense.
I have often told you to be careful.
We have had a lot of chances.
You have been there thrice.
# When the Present Perfect Tense is used with a negative, it is also in a general sense.
I have not heard Bengali spoken.
We have never been to Colombo.
No one has told you to give up Self-Studying.