I was there in the sentence: I was there when he arrived."

# "A clause in a complex sentence that contains at least a subject and a verb and can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence. also called Main Clause or Independent Clause."

16. With all possible dignity I made her a low bow.

17. The liquor in the smaller bottle on the shelf tasted very sour.

18. Germs are always and everywhere floating in the air around us.

19. We praise you for your loving spirit.

20. In the old Indian days, the slaying of a horse in honour of the gods was one of the most solemn acts of religion.

21. One child can teach another the alphabet.

22. The father gorilla makes a rough kind of nest in a tree for his family.

23. I carried my gun, ready loaded, on my shoulder.

24. Three queens received King Arthur with great mourning.

25. There I spent my childhood and youth among my relations, with unbroken enjoyment.

26. Crouching in the dust, he looked at me every now and then out of the corner of his eye..

27. There is no pleasure in that kind of talk.

28. We had very heavy rain, following a thunderstorm, on Monday night in Mysore.

29. He sprang to his feet with a wild cry of despair.

30. Vidya would gaze in tender love at the faces of his dear parents.

31. The poem tells the tale of Bhishma’s war against the five Pandava brothers.

32. At the break of day Antar still stood there perfectly steady.

33. Prince Siddhartha himself was always a learner.

34. By the laws of Manu no blow was to be struck at a wounded foe.

35. If only the world would grow more and more inclined to ways of peace!

36. There can be no order in a village or a city without truthfulness of speech.

37. Very often we form too hasty a judgment about a thing or a person.

38. A basin and ewer were brought for the washing of hands.

39. Both in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and England, some of the hardest workers for our welfare and the best servants of the public live in a frugal quiet manner.

40. Let us, all of us, do everything possible for the advantage of our fellows, for the ennobling of life and the peace of nations.

Rules to be followed in analysing a simple sentence.

1. A simple sentence has only one predicate and one subject.

In the following sentences say which are the Objects and which the Complements.

1. The post-box is at the end of the road.

2. The moon will be almost overhead at midnight.

3. He came third in the examination.

4. The doctor dressed the patient’s wound in the dispensary.

5. The stevedores unloaded the ship at the quay.

(Stevedores are those who arrange to load or unload ships. Quay is pronounced as key, and means wharf or dock.)

6. You are looking troubled about something.

7. Who was chosen secretary?

8. The postman brought a V.P.P. parcel of walnuts from Kulu.

9. The bus should have been here by this time.

10. I feel out of sorts today.

In the sentences The tide rises, Sticks float, Birds sing, we have complete meaning. Such verbs as rise, float and sing, which express full meaning without an object, are called verbs of Complete Predication.

But there are other intransitive verbs which need some word or words to make complete meaning. Such verbs are called Verbs of Incomplete Predication. The verb To be is the commonest of these. Others are seem, appear, look, become, grow, live, feel, and the passive forms of make, appoint, elect, choose, crown and certain others.

The words They were, He looks, The water became, do not express full meaning. But if we add certain words, the meaning becomes clear. For example: They were wise, He looks tired, The water became

hot. In each of these sentences the completing word, — wise, tired, hot, — is called the Complement.

# Examples.

Breakfast is ready.

We shall be coming.

The sun appears to rise.

He is growing very tall.

America is becoming rich again.

It doesn’t seem right.

My brother was made (chosen, elected) captain.

He was crowned king.

I am not feeling very well.

In these sentences the words in bold are the Complements. The incomplete verb and the complement together form the Predicate.

Mention the objects in the following sentences, and say which is Direct and which is Indirect:—

1. I am just going to give him notice to leave.

2. He gave me twenty rupees to spend as I like.

3. Please pass me a piece of cake.

4. The postman brought us no letters for a week.

5. Won’t you give the poor fellow some of your old clothes?

6. Falling into the pond taught me a good lesson.

7. You should never tell anyone a lie.

8. Let me know what you decide.

9. Send him a reply-paid wire (= telegram).

10. Can you let me have his address, please?

Point out the extensions of the predicate in the following sentences:—

1. Lose no time in doing bad.

2. Ring the bell gently once or twice.

The predicate may be enlarged or extended by an adverb, or by a word or a phrase having the force of an adverb. The enlargement may relate to time, place magnitude, degree or manner, cause or purpose.

1. Time.

I lived in Oxford for two years.

2. Place.

There is plenty of room in the garden.

3. Magnitude.

I have walked over fifty miles in one day.

4. Manner.

He passed the Matric Examination creditably.

5. Cause or Purpose.

He died of pleurisy.

My friend was garlanded for his fine speech.

Point out the object and its enlargement wherever given in the following sentences:—

1. The people have cheerful, ringing voices.

2. Do you see those five ships lying at anchor?

3. T. M. Dilshan, the, cricketer from Sri Lanka, saved heaps of runs by smart fielding.

4. I have still a number of letters to write.

5. You should take a lawyer’s advice.

6. Had anybody seen my second best tennis racket?

7. The dreadful sight filled almost every eye with tears.

8. Queen Wilhelmina married her husband, a German Prince, nearly forty years ago.

9. Make a sentence to show the use of the Indirect Object.

10. The sun burnt my face deep red.

11. Will you please direct me to the Post Office?

The Direct Object, like the Subject, may be enlarged in various ways. An enlargement of the object may be:—

1. An Article.

I saw a shadow.

2. An Adjective.

You made a funny mistake.

3. A Noun or Pronoun in the Possessive case.

Have you the Secretary's letter?

4. A Noun or Pronoun in apposition.

I met Henry, your cousin from Manchester.

5. A Participle.

I saw you running.

6. An Infinitive.

He likes to do his work.

7. A Phrase.

I listened to him talking on the telephone.

8. Combinations of the above.

To succeed at cricket requires long and regular practice under a good coach.

I caught a man stealing out of the house with some of our clothes.

The owners refused us permission to enter.

In these sentences the words in bold are called Direct Objects, and the words me, the audience and us form the Indirect Objects.

1. By an Object (or Completion). 

2. By an Adverbial Extension.