The verb Have is used in two ways.

1. As a Transitive verb to mean concrete or abstract sense of possession.

You have a fine car.

This rose tree has white flowers.

I have much work to do.

He has a sore throat.

2. As an Auxiliary Verb.

With the perfect participle of another verb, it forms two more tenses.

(a) The Present Perfect.

I have read this book twice.

(b) The Past Perfect.

You had been there before, hadn’t you?

Have and Had followed by the Infinitive form a common way of expressing obligation or fulfilment (fulfillment) of a promise.

I have to be at school before nine.

Don’t forget that you have to write to your aunt tomorrow.

When have we to be at the station?

Conjugation of The Verb To Have. 

Gerund.

Having.

Participles.

Present Participle: Having.

Past Participle: Had.

 
Infinitive.

To have.

Conjugation of The Verb To Have. 

Conjugation of The Verb To Have. 

Conjugation of The Verb To Have. 

We use the Verb Be in two different ways.

1. (A) As an Intransitive Verb.

Meaning to exist, remain, occupy a place, experience a state, or be bound for a place.

God is.
How are you?
Let it be.
The spade is in the garden.
Be off!
This train is for Delhi.

(B) As a Verb of Incomplete Predication.

He is ill.
They were late in arriving.
I am a painter.
You are not as old as I thought.

2. As an Auxiliary Verb.

(A) With the present participle to form active continuous tenses.

I am learning Pali.
They were having their dinner.
We are trying to let our house.

(B) With the present participle to form passive continuous tenses.

The supper was being cooked.
We were being shown over the school.

(C) With the past participle of transitive verbs to form passives.

Everything was done that we required.
They were clad in khaki.

(D) With the past participles of certain intransitive verbs, to form perfects.

You are grown up now.
The sun is set.

(E) With the infinitive to express duty, intention or supposition.

That house is to let.
We are to dine with him tomorrow.
He is to be operated on soon.
Where are they to meet us?
If you were to go there, you might meet him.

Present Participle = Being.

Past Participle = Been.

Homework.
Find / note / figure out / list / observe carefully, whenever / wherever The verb To BE is conjugated in above.

Conjugation of the Verb - To Be - Gerund. 

Conjugation of the Verb – To Be - Imperative Mood.

Be! (Be you! / Be thou!)
[Present Tense - 2nd Person - Singular.]

Be! (Be you! / Be ye!)
[Present Tense - 2nd Person - Plural.]

Homework.
Find/note/figure out/list/observe carefully, whenever/wherever The verb To BE is conjugated in above.

Conjugation of the Verb - To Be - Subjunctive Mood. 

Present Tense	Singular	Plural
1st Person	If I am (be) | If I be.	If we are (be).
2nd Person	If you are (be). If thou be.	If you are (be). If ye are (be).
3rd Person	If he is (be). If she is (be). If it is (be).	If they are (be).

Past Tense	Singular	Plural
1st Person	If I were [was] | If I was.	If we were.
2nd Person	If you were. If thou wert.	If you were. If ye were.
3rd Person	If he were [was]. If she were [was]. If it were [was].	If they were.

Homework.

Find/note/figure out/list/observe carefully, whenever/wherever The verb To BE is conjugated or used in sentences in above.

Conjugation of the Verb - To Be - Indicative Mood. 

Present Tense	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I am	We are
2nd Person	You are Thou art	You are Ye are
3rd Person	He is She is It is	They are

Past Tense	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I was	We were
2nd Person	You were Thou wert	You were Ye were
3rd Person	He was She was It was	They were

Principal Verb = Main Verb / Primary Verb / Lexical Verb / Full Verb = A verb standing alone to give or express a full meaning.

Auxiliary Verb = Modal Verb / Helping Verb = A verb needs another verb to give or express a full meaning.

The Auxiliary Verbs are very common. They are used to form other tenses than the Simple Present and Past. They are the following: Be, Have, Shall, Should, Will, Would, May, Might, Do and Did, Can and Could.

Auxiliary Verbs can occur only before Principal Verbs.

Sometimes, some Auxiliary Verbs can also stand as Principal Verbs.

Look at the following sentences.

1. Kanishka does his work regularly, and we do ours.

2. Shashini has a new pen, and we have new pencils.

3. Kanishka does not attend class regularly, and we don’t either.

(Kanishka does not attend class regularly, and we too do not attend class regularly.)

4. Shashini has lost her new pen, and we have lost ours too.

[Shashini has lost her new pen, and we have also* lost our new pen(s).]

In sentences 1. and 2., the verbs does, do, has, and have are Principal Verbs.

In sentences 3. and 4., the verbs does, do, has, and have are Auxiliary Verbs.

Homework: Find/note/figure out/list/observe carefully, whenever/wherever Principal Verbs and/or Auxiliary Verbs are used.

Note: also* "WORD CHOICE: also, too, as well, either also, too and as well can be used in many of the same contexts : She's a valued colleague, and a great friend too OR and a great friend as well OR and also a great friend. 

also is the most formal and the most likely to be used in formal writing such as reports. as well is the most informal and the most likely to be used in speech. 

!! too is never used at the beginning of a clause. Also is not usually used at the end of a clause : Smoking makes you ill. It costs a lot too/as well OR It's also expensive OR Also, it's expensive. 

Use either when you are adding another negative fact : Our first attempt didn't work, and our second didn't either (NOT also didn't)."

Note on the Conjugation. 

[The Conjugation = Lesson No. 108 (onwards.)]

The Verb = To Teach. (To Teach = Infinitive.)

Present Participle = Being taught. (Being done)

Past Participle = (have / has) Been taught. (Been done)

Perfect Participle = Having been taught. (Having been done)

[Here, the action always done by another person(s) / subject(s) / author(s) / doer(s) to you.]

Homework

Conjugate the following (Infinitives) verbs in Participles (as above): To play, to write, to sing, to read, and to pass.

To Teach. (To Teach = Infinitive.)

Simple Gerund (Refers to the present or future) = Being taught [= You receive (the) teaching (action)].

Perfect Gerund (Refers to the past) = Having been taught [= You (have) received (the) teaching (action)].

{Here, the action always done by another person / subject / author / doer to you.}

Examples:

I love being taught.

Having been taught, one can be educated.

One can be uplifted, having been taught.

Homework

Conjugate the following (Infinitives) verbs in Gerunds (as above, in Passive Voice): To play, to write, to sing, to read, and to pass.

To Teach. (To Teach = Active Voice - Infinitive.)

Indefinite - To be taught.

Perfect - To have been taught.

Continuous – No (Grammatically Meaningful) Form.

Perfect Continuous – No (Grammatically Meaningful) Form.

Homework

Conjugate the following (Infinitives) verbs in Passive voice Infinitive Mood (as above): To play, to write, to sing, to read, and to pass.

To Teach. (To Teach = Infinitive.)

Singular = Be taught. / Be taught! / Teach (thou / you)!

Plural = Be taught. / Be taught! / Be taught (ye / you)!

Homework.

Conjugate the following (Infinitives) verbs in (Passive Voice) Imperative Mood (as above): To play, to write, to sing, to read, and to pass.